Commuting demands and appraisals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of strain and wellbeing outcomes

Research on commuting to work and its potential consequences for employee strain wellbeing has accumulated across various disciplines. However, this led a narrow research scope with wide methodological variability. An integration of literature is needed understand the breadth experience interpret heterogeneous findings. Extending transactional stress model, we propose that demand can have both negative positive effects outcomes through appraisals. We present systematic review (k = 109 studies) meta-analysis 39 these relationships. Our finds partial support our hypotheses, suggests objective demands are positively associated (r ̅_xy .089; especially perceived stress, r .153), but unrelated outcomes. Subjective appraisals or conclude recommendations improvements implications practice. Plain language summary Commuting nearly ubiquitous part contemporary employment. Over last several decades, empirical take stock relationships regarding demands, commuting, strainand wellbeing-related The results qualitative indicate there commuting. related favorable unfavorable appraisals, also result quantitative time spent outcomes, outline future (e.g., commuting's role in boundary management), highlight challenges variability reporting), provide practice offer resources mitigate commuting).